Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers

    2023
  • Lu, X., H. Wu, S. Kaeppler, J. Meriwether, Y. Nishimura, W. Wang, J. Li, X. Shi (2023), Understanding Strong Neutral Vertical Winds and I-T Responses to the 2015 St. Patrick’s Day Storm Using TIEGCM Driven by Data-Assimilated Aurora and Electric Fields, Space Weather, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003308.
  • Martinez, B., and X. Lu (2023), Quantifying Day-to-day Variability of O/N2 and its Correlation with Geomagnetic Activity using GOLD,Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Volume 10-2023, doi: 10.3389/fspas.2023.1129279.
  • Wu, H., Lu, X., Wang, W., and Liu, H.-L. (2023). Simulation of the propagation and effects of gravity waves generated by Tonga volcano eruption in the thermosphere and ionosphere using nested-grid TIEGCM. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2023JA031354. https://doi. org/10.1029/2023JA031354.
  • Qiu, L., Lu, X., Yu, T., Yamazaki, Y., Liu, H., Sun, Y., Wu, H., Zuo, X., Yan, X., Yu, Y., and Qi, Y. (2023). Horizontal structure of convergent wind shear associated with sporadic E layers over East Asia. Earth Planet. Phys., 7(5), 1–10. http://doi.org/10.26464/epp2023071
  • Li, J., E. Becker, R. Collins, B. Williams, X. Lu (2023), First Simultaneous Observation of Secondary and Tertiary Gravity Waves by Lidar and Investigation with HIAMCM simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., submitted
  • 2022
  • Wu, H., X. Tan, Q. Zhang, W. Huang, X. Lu*, Y. Nishimura, Y. Zhang (2022), Multiresolution data assimilation for auroral energy flux and mean energy using DMSP SSUSI, THEMIS ASI, and an empirical model, Space Weather, 20, e2022SW003146. https://doi. org/10.1029/2022SW003146.
  • Wang, X., J. Miao, X. Lu et al. (2022), Using Temporal Relationship of Thermospheric Density with Geomagnetic Activity Indices and Joule Heating as Calibration for NRLMSISE-00 During Geomagnetic Storms, Space Weather, doi: 10.1029/2021SW003017.
  • Wu, H., and X. Lu (2022), Data Assimilation of High-Latitude Electric Fields: Extension of a Multi-Resolution Gaussian Process Model (Lattice Kriging) to Vector Fields, Space Weather, doi:10.1029/2021SW002880.
  • 2021
  • Zhou, X., X. Yue, H. Liu, X. Lu, H. Wu, et al. (2021), A Comparative Study of Ionospheric Day-to-day Variability over Wuhan based on Ionosonde Measurements and Model Simulations, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, doi: 10.1029/2020JA028589.
  • Kumari, K., H. Wu, A. Long, X. Lu and J. Oberheide (2021), Mechanism Studies of Madden-Julian-Oscillation Coupling into the Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere Tides using SABER, MERRA-2, and SD-WACCMX, J. Geophys. Res. Atmosphere, doi:10.1029/2021JD034595.
  • Wang, X, J. Miao, X. Lu, Ercha Aa et al. (2021), Latitudinal Impacts of Joule Heating on the High-Latitude Thermospheric Density Enhancement during Geomagnetic Storms, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, doi:10.1029/2020JA028747.
  • Li, J., and X. Lu (2021), Global Responses of Gravity Waves and Zonal Mean Winds to the Madden-Julian Oscillation and the Latitudinal Dependence of Their Relations using MERRA-2, Geophys. Res. Lett., doi: 10.1029/2021GL094717.
  • 2020
  • Zhou, X., H. Liu, X. Lu, R. Zhang, A. Maute, H. Wu, X. Yue, W. Wan (2020), Quiet-time Day-to-day Variability of Equatorial Vertical E×B Drift from Atmosphere Perturbations at Dawn, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics., 125, doi: 10.1029/2020JA027824.
  • Li, Z., X. Chu, V. Harvey, J. Jandreau, X. Lu, Zhibin Yu, J. Zhao (2020), First Lidar Observations of Quasi-Biennial Oscillation-Induced Interannual Variations of Gravity Wave Potential Energy Density at McMurdo via a Modulation of the Antarctic Polar Vortex, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 125, doi: 10.1029/2020JD032866.
  • Kumari, K., J. Oberheide, X. Lu (2020), The Tidal Response in the Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere to the Madden-Julian Oscillation Observed by SABER, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, doi: 10.1029/2020GL089172.
  • Wu. H, X. Lu, G. Lu, X. Chu, W. Wang, Z. Yu, L. Kilcommons, D. Knipp, B. Wang, Y. Nishimura (2020), Importance of regional‐scale auroral precipitation and electrical field variability to the storm‐time thermospheric temperature enhancement and inversion layer (TTEIL) in the Antarctic E region, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 125, doi: 10.1029/2020JA028224.
  • Li, J., and X. Lu (2020), SABER Observations of Gravity Wave Responses to the Madden-Julian Oscillation from the Stratosphere to the Lower Thermosphere in Tropics and Extratropics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, doi: 10.1029/2020GL091014
  • Li, J., R. L. Collins, X. Lu, B. P. Williams (2020), Lidar Observations of Instability and Estimates of Vertical Eddy Diffusivity Induced by Gravity Wave Breaking in the Arctic Mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res. Atmosphere, doi: 10.1029/2020JD033450.
  • 2019
  • Zhou, X., H. Liu, X. Lu, R. Zhang, A. Maute, H. Wu, X. Yue, W. Wan (2019), Quiet-time Day-to-day Variability of Equatorial Vertical E×B Drift from Atmosphere Perturbations at Dawn, Geophys. Res. Lett., submitted.
  • Lu, X., H. Wu, X. Chu, J. Oberheide, M. G. Mlynczak, J. M. Russell III (2019), Quasi-biennial oscillation of short-period planetary waves and polar night jet in winter Antarctica observed in SABER and MERRA-2 and mechanism study with a quasi-geostrophic model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, doi: 10.1029/2019GL084759.
  • Rout, D., K. Pandey, D. Chakrabarty, R. Sekar, X. Lu (2019), Significant electric field perturbations in low latitude ionosphere due to the passage of two consecutive ICMEs during 6-8 September 2017, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, doi: 10.1029/2019JA027133.
  • 2018
  • Chu, X., J. Zhao, X. Lu, V. L. Harvey, R. M. Jones, E. Becker, C. Chen, W. Fong, Z. Yu, B. Roberts, A. Dornbrack (2018), Lidar observations of stratospheric gravity waves from 2011 to 2015 at McMurdo, Antarctica: Part II. Potential energy densities, lognormal distributions, and seasonal variations, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 123, 7910–7934. doi: 10.1029/2017JD027386.
  • Dawkins, E., A. Feofilov, L. Rezac, A. Kutepov, Diego Janches, J. Höffner, X. Chu, X. Lu, M. Mlynczak, J. Russell (2018), Validation of SABER v2.0 operational temperature data with ground-based lidars in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere region (75-105 km), J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., doi:10.1029/2018JD028742.
  • Lu, X., H. Wu, J. Oberheide, H. Liu, J. McInerney (2018), Latitudinal Double-Peak Structure of Stationary Planetary Wave 1 in the Austral Winter Middle Atmosphere and its Possible Generation Mechanism, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 123, doi: 10.1029/2018JD029172.
  • Huang, H., X. Lu, L. Liu, W. Wang, Q. Li (2018), Transition of interhemispheric asymmetry of equatorial ionization anomaly during solstices. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123, doi: 10.1029/2018JA026055.
  • 2017
  • Lu, X., X. Chu, C. Chen, V. Nguyen, A. Smith (2017), First observations of short-period eastward propagating planetary waves from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere (110 km) in winter Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075641
  • Lu, X., X. Chu, H. Li, C. Chen, J. Smith, S. Vadas (2017), Statistical characterization of high-to-medium frequency mesoscale gravity waves by lidar-measured vertical winds and temperatures in the MLT, J. Atmos. Solar- Terr. Phys.,162, 3-15 doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2016.10.009.
  • Zhao, J., X. Chu, C. Chen, X. Lu, W. Fong, Z. Yu, R. Michael Jones, B. R. Roberts, and A. Dörnbrack (2017), Lidar observations of stratospheric gravity waves from 2011 to 2015 at McMurdo (77.84°S, 166.69°E), Antarctica: 1. Vertical wavelengths, periods, and frequency and vertical wave number spectra, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 5041-5062, doi:10.1002/2016JD026368.
  • 2016
  • Chen, C., X. Chu, J. Zhao, B. R. Roberts, Z. Yu, W. Fong, X. Lu, J. A. Smith (2016), Lidar observations of persistent inertia-gravity waves with periods of 3–10 h in the Antarctic middle and upper atmosphere at McMurdo, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics., 121, doi:10.1002/2015JA022127.
  • 2015
  • Lu, X., C. Chen, W. Huang, J. A. Smith, X. Chu, T. Yuan, P.-D. Pautet, M. J. Taylor, J. Gong, and C. Y. Cullens (2015b), A coordinated study of 1 h mesoscale gravity waves propagating from Logan to Boulder with CRRL Na Doppler lidars and temperature mapper, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, doi:10.1002/2015JD023604.
  • Lu, X., X. Chu, W. Fong, C. Chen, Z. Yu, B. R. Roberts, and A. J. McDonald (2015a), Vertical evolution of potential energy density and vertical wave number spectrum of Antarctic gravity waves from 35 to 105 km at McMurdo (77.8°S, 166.7°E), J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 2719–2737. doi: 10.1002/2014JD022751.
  • Fong, W., X. Chu, X. Lu, C. Chen, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, M. Codrescu, and A. Richmond (2015), Lidar and CTIPe model studies of the fast amplitude growth of the diurnal temperature ‘tides’ in the Antarctic winter lower thermosphere and relationship with the aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, doi:10.1002/2014GL062784.
  • 2014
  • Fong, W., X. Lu, X. Chu, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, Z. Yu, B. R. Roberts, C. Chen, C. S. Gardner, and A. J. McDonald (2014), Winter temperature tides from 30 to 110 km at McMurdo (77.8°S, 166.7°E), Antarctica: Lidar observations and comparisons with WAM, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, doi:10.1002/2013JD020784.
  • 2013
  • Lu, X., X. Chu, T. Fuller-Rowell, L. Chang, W. Fong and Z. Yu (2013), Eastward propagating planetary waves with periods of 1−5 days in the winter Antarctic stratosphere as revealed by MERRA and lidar, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 9565–9578, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50717.
  • Liu, A. Z., X. Lu, and S. J. Franke (2013), Diurnal variation of gravity wave momentum flux and its forcing on the diurnal tide, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, doi:10.1029/2012JD018653.
  • Chen, C., X. Chu, A. J. McDonald, S. L. Vadas, Z. Yu, W. Fong, and X. Lu (2013), Inertia-gravity waves in Antarctica: A case study with simultaneous lidar and radar measurements at McMurdo/Scott Base(77.8S, 166.7E), J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50318.
  • Friedman, J. S., X. Chu, C. Brum and X. Lu (2013), Observation of a thermospheric descending layer of neutral K over Arecibo, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2013.03.002.
  • Yue, J., J. Xu, L. Chang, Q.Wu, H.-L.Liu, X. Lu, J. Russell (2013), Global structure and seasonal variability of the migrating terdiurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 105-106, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2013.10.010.
  • Huang, K. M., A. Z. Liu, X. Lu, Z. Li, Q. Gan, Y. Gong, C. M. Huang, F. Yi, and S. D. Zhang (2013), Nonlinear coupling between quasi 2 day wave and tides based on meteor radar observations at Maui, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50872.
  • Li, T., A. Z. Liu, X. Lu, Z. Li, S. J. Franke, G. R. Swenson, and X. Dou (2012), Meteor-radar observed mesospheric semi-annual oscillation (SAO) and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) over Maui, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D05130, doi:10.1029/2011JD016123.
  • Before 2013
  • Lu, X., H.-L. Liu, A. Z. Liu, J. Yue, J. M. McInerney, and Z. Li (2012), Momentum budget of the migrating diurnal tide in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model at vernal equinox, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D07112, doi:10.1029/2011JD017089.
  • Li, Z., A. Z. Liu, X. Lu, G. R. Swenson, and S. J. Franke (2011), Gravity wave characteristics from OH airglow imager over Maui, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D22115, doi:10.1029/2011JD015870.
  • Lu, X., A. Z. Liu, J. Oberheide, Q. Wu, T. Li, Z. H. Li, G. R. Swenson, S. J. Franke (2011), Seasonal variability of the diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over Maui, HI (20.7o N, 156.3o W), J. Geophys. Res., 116, D17103, doi:10.1029/2011JD015599.
  • Lu, X., A. Z. Liu, G. R. Swenson, T. Li, T. Leblanc, and I. S. McDermid (2009), Gravity wave propagation and dissipation from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D11101, doi:10.1029/2008JD010112.
  • Lu, X., S. D. Zhang, Radiosonde observation of planetary waves in the lower atmosphere over the center China (2005), Chinese Journal of Space Physics, 25(6), 529-535.

Peer-Reviewed Conference Proceedings

  • Yu, Z., X. Chu, X. Lu, C. Chen, Dynamic drivers of TIFe diurnal cycle in Antarctica, Proceedings of the 29th International Laser Radar Conference, July 2020, New York. [PDF].
  • Lu, X., C. Chen, W. Huang, J. A. Smith, J. Zhao, X. Chu, T. Yuan, P. D. Pautet, M. J. Taylor, Simultaneous observations of mesoscale gravity waves over the central US with CRRL Na Doppler lidars and USU temperature mapper, Proceedings of the 27th International Laser Radar Conference, July 2015, New York. [PDF].
  • Fong, W., X. Chu, X. Lu, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, M. Codrescu, A. D. Richmond, Z. Yu, B. Roberts, and C. Chen, Winter temperature and tidal structures from 2011 to 2014 at McMurdo station: Observations from Fe Boltzmann temperature and Rayleigh lidar, Proceedings of the 27th International Laser Radar Conference, July 2015, New York. [PDF].
  • Chen, C., X. Chu, W. Fong, X. Lu, A. J. McDonald, D. Pautet, and M. J. Taylor, Antarctic wave dynamics mystery discovered by lidar, radar and imager, Proceedings of the 27th International Laser Radar Conference, July 2015, New York. [PDF].
  • Chu, X., Z. Yu, W. Fong, C. Chen, J. Zhao, I. F. Barry, J. A. Smith, X. Lu, W. Huang, and C. S. Gardner, From Antarctica lidar discoveries to OASIS exploration, Proceedings of the 27th International Laser Radar Conference, July 2015, New York. [PDF].
  • Chen, C., X. Chu, Z. Yu, W. Fong, A. J. McDonald, X. Lu, and W. Huang, Lidar and radar investigation of inertia gravity wave intrinsic properties at McMurdo, Antarctica, Proceedings of the 26th International Laser Radar Conference, June 2012, Greece. [PDF].